Gold detectors are specialized devices used to locate gold deposits, whether in the form of nuggets, veins, or jewellery. These detectors operate on the principle of metal detection but are fine-tuned to identify gold, which has specific conductive properties. Detecting gold without a metal detector can be challenging, but there are a few traditional methods you can use. Here are some techniques:
1. Panning
 

• Tools Needed: Pan, water source (like a river or stream).
• How to Do It:
  • Fill the pan with gravel or sediment from the area where you suspect gold might be present.
  • Submerge the pan in water, then gently swirl it to allow the lighter materials to wash away.
  • Heavier materials, including gold, will settle at the bottom.
  • Carefully examine the residue at the bottom for gold particles. Gold is heavier than most other minerals, so it should be the last to remain.

2. Sluicing
 

• Tools Needed: Sluice box, water source.
• How to Do It:
  • Place the sluice box in the water with the flow moving across the riffles.
  • Scoop gravel into the sluice and the water flow will separate lighter material, allowing heavier material (potentially containing gold) to settle behind the riffles.
  • Collect the material caught by the sluice and pan it to check for gold.

3. Crushing and Panning
 

• Tools Needed: Rock crusher or hammer, pan, water source.
• How to Do It:
  • If you have rocks containing visible gold or quartz veins, crush the rocks to a fine powder.
  • Use a pan and water to separate the gold from the crushed rock in a similar process as described in panning.

4. Visual Inspection
 

• Tools Needed: Magnifying glass, knowledge of gold characteristics.
• How to Do It:
  • Visually inspect rocks and sediment for gold nuggets or flakes.
  • Gold is bright yellow and does not tarnish, so it is easily distinguishable from other materials.

5. Magnet Test
 

• Tools Needed: Magnet.
• How to Do It:
  • Gold is not magnetic, so if you have a mix of materials, you can use a magnet to separate magnetic materials (like iron) from non-magnetic ones (potentially gold).

6. Flotation
 

• Tools Needed: Soap or detergent, water, container.
• How to Do It:
  • Mix soil or sediment with water and add soap or detergent to create a froth.
  • Gold, due to its density, will remain at the bottom of the container while lighter minerals will be carried away by the froth.

7. Fire Assay
 

• Tools Needed: Furnace, crucible, flux.
• How to Do It:
  • This is a more advanced method where the material suspected to contain gold is melted in a crucible with flux, allowing the gold to be separated from impurities.
  • The gold will collect at the bottom of the crucible, forming a button or bead.

These methods are more labour-intensive and less precise than using a metal detector, but they can still be effective in certain conditions.